GWAS

---

1 GWAS Strategy

GWAS was run using MLM model in GCTA1.93.2. The phenotypes were pre-adjusted by age, sex, and 20 PCs

---

2 Probands

2.1 All Individuals

• GWAS was run on all individuals including diverse ancestry backgrounds.
• Signals with association p-value < 1e-5 will be shown for Manhattan Plots.

2.1.1 QQ Plot

---

2.1.2 Manhattan Plot

---

2.2 Europeans Only

• 6861972 QCd SNPs with MAF > 0.01 included
• 1946 European individuals are included
• Signals with association p-value < 1e-5 will be shown for Manhattan Plots.

2.2.1 QQ Plot

---

2.2.2 Manhattan Plot

---